著者

横畑 泰志 横田 昌嗣

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.1-12, 2000-07-19

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Uotsuri-jima Island in the Senkaku Islands, southwestern Japan is a small island characterized by very valuable biota with high endemicity which has formed over a long period of isolation. The ecosystem on this island is under the risk of total destruction because of the presence of domestic goats, Capra aegarus, were introduced in 1978 by a private political party in Japan and increased to more than 300 individuals. This problem is made more difficult due to the territorial conflicts over the Islands by Japan, China and Taiwan.

著者

中沢 智恵子

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.19-38, 2010-03-01

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The causes of the extinction of the Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax), once found in three-Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu-of the four Japanese large islands, were documented by surveying official documents of northeastern Honshu from the Meiji era (1868-1912). The results showed many instances of nuisance killings of the animals, motivated by attacks on free-ranging livestock by the animals. The extirpation policies and their implemental measures were planned and authorized by the prefectural administrations of Aomori, Iwate, Iwai (then occupying parts of both present-day Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures), and Miyagi. In Aomori Prefecture, the police killed wolves. In Iwai Prefecture, the police commanded hunters to conduct the nuisance killings. The government of Iwate Prefecture enacted a bounty system in 1875, and 201 wolves were killed in 6 years. The government of Miyagi Prefecture followed it in 1877. In Fukushima Prefecture, local people conducted nuisance killings. Besides, the documents showed that fur, meat, and other parts of wolves were traded and used in northeastern Honshu. Thus, it can be concluded that the nuisance killings and hunting of wolves in the late 19th century contributed to the extinction of these animals in northeastern Honshu.

著者

山城 明日香 山城 考 土肥 昭夫 伊澤 雅子 遠藤 晃

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.47-61, 2004-12-27

被引用文献数

1

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The food habits of the Kerama deer (Cervus nippon keramae) were investigated on the basis of feeding mark observations in the field, as well as fecal analysis. The feeding mark investigation found 118 plant species were eaten by the Kerama deer: 7 ferns, 23 woody plants, 35 forbs, 42 graminoids (Gramineae, Cyperaceae), and 11 non-graminoid monocots. With graminoids, many feeding marks were found on young leaves and reproductive organs. In the fecal analysis, the proportions of five plant categories (ferns, woody plants, forbs and non-graminoid monocots) dominated throughout the year at forest site, but the proportion of graminoids varied according to season at the marsh site. At marsh sites, the proportion of graminoids began to increase in March and was highest in August. These results suggest that the Kerama deer selectively eat high quality parts of graminoids. On this point, food habits of Kerama deer are quite different from those of Sika deer populations in northern Japan, where the proportion of graminoids increases in winter due to the lack of food. The study concluded that the food habits of the Kerama deer were the concentrate selector (CS) type.

著者

小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫 金子 雄司 常田 邦彦

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.119-129, 2001-07-31

被引用文献数

18 10

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Habitat selection of Japanese wild boars, Sus scrofa leucomystax, was studied by radio-tracking and analyses of activity sign distributions in Iwami district, Shimane Prefecture. Four radio-collared wild boars were located once a day during daytime from October 1994 to August 1997. All animals significantly preferred broad-leaved forest. On the other hand, three significantly avoided coniferous plantation. Activity signs were counted seasonally at 5 vegetation types during August 1996 to February 1999. At abandoned paddy number of rooting sites were found significantly more than other vegetation types, while those at coniferous plantation were significantly fewer through the year. Number of rooting site at bamboo thickets was also significantly more, but that at broad-leaved forest was significantly fewer in all seasons except fall. Population decrease and workers who progressively became old have caused increase of less managed broad-leaved forests and abandoned paddies in hilly and mountainous area, which provide favorable food and resting places for this animal. The socio-economic change may be one of the reasons of recent rapid expansion of wild boar in Shimane prefecture.

著者

小川 潔 本谷 勲

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.1-14, 2001-02-28

被引用文献数

2

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A follow-up survey of dandelion plants (Taraxacum) in 1990-1992, ten years after the initial survey using the same site designation methods in the southern Kanto district, revealed the following facts. Firstly, in the Tokyo urban area, the occurrence of both dandelion species had little changed; that is, the introduced one dominated there. Secondly, in the suburban areas, the number of lots in the recent survey where the native diploid species dominated had decreased compared with the previous survey, whereas the number of lots where the introduced species dominated had increased. Third, analysis of land-use in the two surveys revealed that a sharp decrease in cultivated fields, which are preferred by the native diploid species, caused a 48.7% drop in this dandelion's occurrence in the suburban areas. The count of the introduced dandelions also dropped by 3.5% in southern Tama, one suburb area. This species decreased in sites such as roadsides and vacant areas that have diminished, and increased on areas such as parking lots and children's playgrounds that have been expanded over the last ten years. These findings clarified the fact that decreases in habitat resulted in the retreat of ranges and declines in the frequency of occurrence for both dandelion species in the urban and suburban areas.

著者

神崎 伸夫 見宮 歩 丸山 直樹

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.1-9, 2003-02-21

被引用文献数

11

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To evaluate the condition of agricultural damages by Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa) and Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata), and farmers' attitude toward it, a questionnaire was conducted in Yamanashi Prefecture in 1998. There were 338 respondents, and the response rate was 56.3%. Both wild boars' damages, mostly to rice, potatoes, and corns, and monkeys' damages, mostly to persimmon, pumpkin, soybean, and potatoes, increased rapidly in the Heisei era (1988-). Most of the farmers hoped to decrease or exterminate boar and monkey populations, and few of them supported the idea to make compensation system or to build fences around their farms. Respondents who would maintain their farming consist 41.7%, however 32.5% would shrink their activity and 25.1% would abandon it. Respondents suffering damages thought to shrink or abandon their activity significantly more than the other respondents (X^2-test, p<0.05).

著者

小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.109-117, 2001-07-31

被引用文献数

9

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To analyze food habits, nutritional condition and these relationships of Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax), 260 stomach contents were collected between September 1994 and April 1995 in Iwami district, Shimane Prefecture, western Japan. They were analyzed using point frame methods (Leader-Williams et al. 1981). Dicotyledons was the most abundant food item in September and October (36.7%, 35.9% volumes respectively), however acorn became the principal food in October and November (26.3%, 25.3%). Root and tuber were the most preferred food between December and April (43.2-62.2%). Percentages of crude protein of stomach content were between 7.8% and 18.2%, which were beyond the optimal level specified for swine (National Research Council 1979) except February. Percentages of crude fat was 9.0% in September, increased to 17.7% in October, and then gradually decreased to 5.3% in February. Kidney fat index was also low in September (22.6%), increased to 48.2% in November, and then decreased to 25.3% in April. Acorn availability was thought to influence the nutritional condition of wild boars.

著者

小池 伸介 岩井 大輔 佐藤 伸彦 高野 徹

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.31-41, 2007-09-10

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We investigated the environmental conditions of Alnus japonica forests as Neozephyrus japonicus habitat along the Arakawa-River, Saitama Prefecture, in 2004 and 2005. N. japonicus was observed in 40 of the 87 forests (46.0%). We measured 11 microhabitat characteristics in each forest and compared them to determine the specific requirements of the butterfly. A. japonica forests inhabited by the butterfly were younger, and the total stem diameter and coverage of flowering plants in June and July were larger than those not inhibited. This suggests that younger trees are suitable for larval growth and that flower abundance in June and July is an important factor. Significant negative correlations were detected between average tree age and total stem diameter and coverage of flowering plants, suggesting that more flowering plants are found in younger forests. This also indicates that younger forests are more suitable for the butterfly. The younger A. japonica forest has more flowering plants than mature forest edges. To conserve and maintain butterfly habitat, we recommend that A. japonica trees be cut down periodically and allowed to regenerate. This approach can be expected to promote young A. japonica forests with many flowering plants, suitable for both the larvae and adults.

著者

伊藤 徹魯 藤田 明良 久保 金弥

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.51-66, 2001-07-31

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We studied nine marine mammal records from two old Korean texts, Chinese writting, Goshu-enjimon-chosen-sanko (Goshu's long, scattered manuscripts) and Chosen-Ocho-jitsuroku (A Korean True Account on the Monarchial Age). Four of the records were identified or assumed to be on the Japanese sea lion (Zalophus californianus japonicus) and five on larga seals (Phoca largha). The Japanese sea lion lived from the end of 17th c. to the beginning of the 19th c. and the larga seal from the 3rd c. B.C. to the end of 18th c. Two places where the sea lion are reported to have lived were Ullung-do in the Sea of Japan, and the estuary of the Tumangang in northeastern Korea, bordering on Russia. One place that the seal is reported to have lived was Kangnung located on the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula. The other four places were somewhere around "the eastern waters", broad area containing the Bo Hai, Huang Hai and Sea of Japan. We confirmed that sea lions had had a breeding colony at Ullung-do at the end of 18th c., and estimate that their population size was substantial during three periods, the end of 17th and 18th c. and the beginning of 19th c.

著者

鹿野 たか嶺 柳川 久 野呂 美紗子 原 文宏 神馬 強志

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.39-46, 2010-03-01

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We studied the effectiveness of electronic deer whistles in scaring away sika deer that are likely to run onto roads, resulting in accidents. These whistles have been used in the U.S.A. and other countries. In this study, two types of deer whistles were tested: one that has a continuous tone with a fixed frequency (Whistle A) and the other that has an intermittent tone with a modulated frequency (Whistle B). To assess the effectiveness of the whistles in alerting deer, the deer's reactions to the whistles were observed by blowing the whistle from a fixed place that is visible to the deer when they appear by the roadside. For the control sample, deer's behavior when no whistle was blown was observed. When no whistle was blown, 51% of the deer were on alert about the observers. When Whistle A was blown, 67% of the deer were on alert; this figure increased to 95% when Whistle B was blown. The time durations for which the deer were alert when no whistle was blown, Whistle A was blown, and Whistle B was blown were 20%, 42%, and 73%, respectively. These results indicated that the deer whistles are effective in alerting deer, and that Whistle B is more effective than Whistle A. Vehicles can be equipped with deer whistles to alert deer about on-coming vehicles so as to prevent them from crossing roads, and consequently reduce deer-vehicle collisions.

著者

和田 一雄

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.93-120, 1997-01

被引用文献数

2

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In Russia, sea otter (Enhydra lutris) harvest started in 1741 when Bering's expedition arrived at Bering Island and the animals nearly became extinct during the following twenty years. Shortly thereafter sealing of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) started and continued. A Russian monopoly, the Russian-American Company, managed Russian colonies and the land sealing industry from 1799 to 1867. Sealing of northern fur seals at sea started in 1866, and soon its harvest exceeded that of on land. For prohibiting sealing at sea Canada, Japan, USA and USSR contracted the Interim Convention on Conservation of North Pacific Fur Seals in 1911 (ICCNPFS). Since the eighteen century, sealing history is divided to three stages : 1) first stage of natural resource plundering with territory, 2) second stage of marketing management during the period of the Russian-American Company (1799-1867), 3) third stage of preliminary natural resource management during 1868 and 1911.

著者

和田 一雄

出版者

「野生生物と社会」学会

雑誌

野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.3, pp.141-163, 1997-02

被引用文献数

2

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Japanese sealing of sea otters and northern fur seals directly entered the stage of marketing management without passing through a stage of natural resource plundering, and it may be considered that sealing had advanced to next stage of preliminary resource management by Meiji's social revolution in Japan. Under the support of the "High Seas Fisheries Activity Promotion" treaty that was established in 1897, Japanese sealing started and abruptly developed. On the other hand, USA and England made a contact with each other concerning sealing at sea management which led to a prohibition of sealing at sea. This was in contrast to previous seal harvest irregardless of sex or age. The Japanese government was obliged to honor an international agreement (ICCNPFS), and sealing advanced to the natural resource management as the forth stage. After the second world war, with the increase of animal research activity, ecological management as the fifth stage started. The United States currently follows the Marine Mammal Protection Act which is based on natural resource management through marine community dynamics. It is expected that Japan too will advance its policies to marine community management as the next stage.